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西北社火压轴春节“大戏” 传统非遗竞逐“中国式狂欢”******
(新春见闻)西北社火压轴春节“大戏” 传统非遗竞逐“中国式狂欢”
中新社兰州2月3日电 题：西北社火压轴春节“大戏” 传统非遗竞逐“中国式狂欢”
中新社记者 冯志军
“不点花灯月不圆，不耍社火难过年。”随着元宵节临近，春节压轴“大戏”社火在西北地区的展演渐入佳境。尽遣传统非遗“家珍”的各地社火，酣畅演绎着各具特色的“中国式狂欢”。
2月2日(农历正月十二)，甘肃永登县举办“非遗过大年，文化进万家”系列展演活动，当地13支社火代表队同台表演舞狮子、划旱船、踩高跷、跑龙灯等绝活，还有被称为“天下第一鼓”的兰州太平鼓和秧歌队紧随助阵……这座不大的县城，吸引超过10万人围观。图为具有西北特色的舞狮表演。 中新社发 戴文昌 摄2月2日(农历正月十二)，甘肃永登县举办“非遗过大年，文化进万家”系列展演活动，当地13支社火代表队同台表演舞狮子、划旱船、踩高跷、跑龙灯等绝活，还有被称为“天下第一鼓”的兰州太平鼓和秧歌队紧随助阵……这座不大的县城，吸引超过10万人围观。由于围观人数越聚越多，之前划设的“舞台”不断被压缩。
类似热闹非凡的场面，连日来在陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆多地上演，一些城市的演出还专门设置了交通管制线路和时段，以保障民众参与其中。部分较大型的社火展演比赛，还采用现场直播等现代传媒手段，增强了民间社火的传播力和影响力。
图为被称为“天下第一鼓”的兰州太平鼓表演。 中新社发 戴文昌 摄社火是中国民间一种庆祝春节的传统庆典狂欢活动，具体形式随地域而有较大差异。由各乡村村民自发组织的社火活动，规模从几十人到上百人不等，包括锣鼓手、舞狮等。社火经过之处，围观民众燃放爆竹迎接，并赠予烟酒等礼物。
今年76岁的甘肃省级非物质文化遗产会宁民歌代表性传承人张玉兰说，作为祖祖辈辈传承下来的春节压轴“大戏”，社火包含了传统文化中的许多非遗项目，展示内容多为爱国、从善、尽孝等历史典故，是当地参与人数最多，也是民众喜闻乐见的民俗活动之一。
“我们老一辈人对传统社火有很深的感情，大家通过耍社火、看社火，来释放一年的疲惫辛劳，祈求今后的生活越来越好！”张玉兰说，30多年来，她每年都参加社火表演，把自己知道的民歌、民俗故事教给年轻人来传承民俗文化，让大家过一个热闹、欢快的春节。
“现在农村多是老人，年轻人长年外出打工，我总是在担心社火的传承问题，现在看来这种顾虑可能有点多余了。”甘肃武威市“返乡人”张宏连续“追”了当地多场社火表演后表示，实际演出中，老年人不少，年轻人也没落下，他对这种“家乡年味”的传承信心倍增。
图为具有西北特色的舞狮表演。 中新社发 戴文昌 摄在甘肃定西市漳县三岔镇，“闹社火”已成为当地一张新名片。当地社火演员贾月玲说，近年来，当地的社火队伍不断壮大，有70多岁的老人，也有20多岁的学生，填词的、谱曲的、拉二胡的、敲扬琴的一应俱全，在保留传统故事为内核的基础上，艺人还会结合时代元素进行编创。
“小初一，大十五。”随着西北各地如火如荼进行的社火展演，人们和着锣鼓节拍，载歌载舞表达着喜悦的心情，寄托着对幸福生活的憧憬与追求。(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。  资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle. 
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