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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

山东匠人创新篆刻艺术 让菏泽牡丹“花开石上”******

　　一块普通石头在吴沧海手上“开”出一朵惟妙惟肖的富贵花。巨野融媒中心供图

　　中新网山东巨野1月9日电 (肖守祥)一张木桌、一盏台灯、几把刻刀，桌面上零散摆放几方石料，1月9日，在山东省菏泽市巨野县，篆刻家吴沧海正在自己的工作室伏案创作，刻刀翻飞间，一块普通的石头在他的手上“开”出一朵惟妙惟肖的富贵花。

　　从上中学起，吴沧海就迷上篆刻，至今已有25年时间。吴沧海介绍说，篆刻工艺大体包括打磨印石、印稿设计、操刀治印、修改调整、钤印、刻边款、拓边款等工序。根据印上所起的稿子，先统刻一遍，把握每个字的造型和气势，称为“初刻”。初刻后，要用拓色蘸墨将印文上墨，使印文清晰可辨，根据要求进一步加工细刻，称为“精刻”。

　　吴沧海在工作室伏案篆刻牡丹花。巨野融媒中心供图

　　“精刻是一方印成败的关键，必须精心弄刀。这种用石用刀恰到好处的结合，才能表现出丰富而熟练的笔意和篆书的结构美。”吴沧海说，在石头上刻牡丹，和传统意义上的篆刻不一样，传统意义上的篆刻刻的是篆字，适读性、辨识性不经过专业学习，很难看明白；而牡丹花很形象，特点鲜明，雅俗共赏。

　　吴沧海篆刻牡丹的想法源于2022年4月，当时第31届菏泽国际牡丹文化旅游节如期举行，因疫情原因，许多外地游客不能来菏泽欣赏牡丹。从那时起，他把篆刻艺术创作的目光聚焦到了牡丹上，决定用手中的刻刀把石料变成牡丹刻章，赋予其艺术“生命”。

　　篆刻牡丹，要先用毛笔一笔一划在石头上勾勒出牡丹的形象。巨野融媒中心供图

　　篆刻牡丹，要先用毛笔一笔一划在石头上勾勒出牡丹的形象，再用刻刀进行篆刻。为此，吴沧海专门到巨野书画院向绘画老师学习画牡丹，因为石头材质偏硬，对体力和用刀的准确度都是个考验。

　　吴沧海告诉记者，在篆刻牡丹的过程中，刻刀的深与浅、明与暗、曲与直、虚与实、残与满，考验篆刻者驾驭刀工的功力，头脑要时刻保持灵活度，这种刀与石、书与刻的结合之趣，构成了篆刻牡丹艺术的独特之美。

　　“曹州牡丹甲天下”，牡丹是菏泽的一张“金名片”。巨野融媒中心供图

　　“一方牡丹印章艺术价值的高低、篆刻家的艺术修养水平，都能从一枚小小的印章中体现出来。”在吴沧海看来，“印如其人”“书为心画”，在人品与艺品兼修的砥砺前行中，追求尽善尽美的艺境，篆刻艺术也同样如此，实现着“成教化，助人伦”的社会作用。

　　“巨野县是中国文联命名的‘中国农民绘画之乡’，也是中国工笔画学会命名的‘中国工笔画之乡’，工笔牡丹画是巨野县工笔画的当家品种。当地大多数书画家都以工笔牡丹为表现形式，以篆刻的角度更深层次地把菏泽牡丹呈现在一方印石上，是一种新的艺术创新。”著名画家黄恩涛说。

　　吴沧海以篆刻的角度更深层次地把菏泽牡丹呈现在一方印石上。巨野融媒中心供图

　　“‘曹州牡丹甲天下’，牡丹是菏泽的一张‘金名片’。每一个菏泽人都有义务把菏泽牡丹宣传推广出去，让更多人知道、了解菏泽牡丹。”吴沧海说，作为一位金石篆刻艺术的痴迷者和追寻者，他要用手中的刻刀讲好菏泽牡丹故事。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）